Google Company Future Sustainability

Table of Contents Introduction Business Mission and Goals Internal Strengths and Weaknesses External Strengths and Weaknesses Company Strategies Recommendations and Conclusion References Introduction Google Company is a multinational company which came into existence once there was a strong need among internet users to find a search engine. Since its inception, Google has made remarkable progress in the corporate map because its popularity has tremendously soared over the years.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Future Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Google is deemed the world’s most used search engine and its usability has penetrated to the core of English language since the word â€Å"Google† has been incorporated into the English dictionary and even informally, if one wants to find information about a person, one would often say â€Å"Google the guyâ €  (Hill 2009, p. 1). Until the year 2008, Google did not command the huge market share it enjoys today since its market share was only estimated to be about 45%, while other search engine companies such as Yahoo took the rest of the share (Hill 2009, p. 1). However, after the year 2008, Google has commanded a strong market presence of about 61% in its primary market (US) while other search engine companies trail behind. For instance, yahoo is estimated to control only about 20% of the market share and Microsoft is estimated to account for less than 10% of the market share (Hill 2009, p. 1). This huge market share has seen Google enjoy huge profits which have also tremendously grown over the years as more advertisers pay for advertising space in the company. Google’s business model has been a simple one, in the sense that, companies pay for every click customers make to their company’s websites. This is done in an online bidding manner where the company with the hig hest bid is given priority in the search engine website (Hill 2009, p. 1). Currently, Google has grown to add more product features to its company and at the moment, it has developed auxiliary products such as Google maps, Google mail, Google desktop and the likes. This growth has pit Google on the collision course with its competitors since it is said that, the company is adopting a business model which is beyond its search engine core business line. With this fact ascertained, Google’s competitors have gone all the way to expand their market share because to them, Google seems to be expanding into business ventures that have been predominantly the preserve of a few other companies (Hill 2009, p. 1). For instance, through Google’s online word processing program and spreadsheets, the company has come very close to Microsoft’s word and Excel programs and this has threatened Microsoft’s share of software application in the information technology world.Adver tising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, Microsoft has tremendously increased its investments in search business to measure up to Google’s dominance in the industry. Yahoo has also adopted the same strategy. This trend provides a problem for Google because it is feared that Google may have bit more than it could chew. The greatest challenge the company now faces is the competitive strategy its competitors have adopted and it is yet to be determined if the competitive pressure will have an impact on the company’s future sustainability. This study therefore seeks to explore the future sustainability of the company, in light of these developments but to do so; we will analyze the company’s internal and external strengths and weaknesses; business mission and goals and existing strategies. Business Mission and Goals Google’s mission and goals have rec ently been threatened by the company’s expansion and more so, the company employee growth. This growth prompted the company’s founders to redefine the company’s mission and goals because there was a strong need for the company to stay true to its initial mission and goal, as opposed to fragmenting under the effects of market growth. In this regard, Google’s mission is defined as â€Å"organizing the world’s information and making it universally acceptable and useful† (Hill 2009, p. 3). Alongside this mission is Google’s goals which from a general perspective, act as the guiding principle behind Google’s operations. One main goal is to satisfy its clients’ needs and therefore, every other activity the company undertakes will be channeled towards satisfying this goal. This goal is translated towards ensuring the company’s user experience is according to the customer’s satisfaction. In this regard, the company focuses more on improving the usability of their web pages and much effort is directed towards satisfying the company’s experience as opposed to reflecting the principles or goals of the company. Secondly, Google aims to undertake its activities to always meet perfection. In this regard, the company prides itself in undertaking few activities that it can accomplish to perfection, as opposed to carrying out several activities which may not be done to perfection. In this regard, the company has been able to solve some of the most difficult problems envisioned in the search engine industry and the company has so far managed to stay above its competition in this regard. Hill (2009) explains that â€Å"Through continued iteration on difficult problems, we have been able to solve complex issues and provide continuous improvements to a service that already makes finding information a fast and seamless experience for millions of people† (p. 4)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Future Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Google’s third objective is to develop the fastest online search engine to maximize the client’s time. This aim is motivated by the company’s acknowledgement that, its customers value their time and one company employee is quoted joking that, â€Å"Google is probably the only online search company which strives to get its clients out of its homepage fast as possible† (Hill 2009, p. 4). It is also a strong aim of the company to uphold democracy in online experiences as much as possible. In other words, the company prides itself in letting its clients know which websites have been ranked the best and consequently, it is able to rank websites in this regard. The company also upholds democracy in terms of programming because it believes that, through the input of many programmers, the company is able to enjoy increased innovation among its staff. Making the company’s online services available to the users at their own convenience is also a major objective of the company because it believes the world has increasingly become mobile and many of its users want to get information wherever they are and whenever. This is the major motivator for Google’s venture into the mobile industry so that its users can be able to access its services from their mobile (Mobile Beyond 2011). Google also prides itself in making money through legitimate and good ways, as opposed to making money out of evil activities. For instance, in the advertising scene, the company aims to undertake user-friendly browsing, such as preventing pop-ups in advertising because it believes this interferes with the user’s browsing experience (Hill 2009, p. 4). Also, this is the reason why the company always registers its advertising spaces as â€Å"sponsored links†. Google also believes that, there is an abundan ce of information out there and in this regard, it aims at providing access to such information to the clients at whatever cost. This, the company believes is a simple procedure where the company has to integrate information relating to specific website links and as a result, consumers would have an incredible browsing experience. Close to this aim is Google’s belief in providing information to its users across all borders. This is the reason why the company has in the recent past made its services available in over 130 languages and opened offices in more than 60 countries across the globe (Hill 2009, p. 1). Google also aims to develop new ideas by nurturing unconventional talent from its employee pool. In other words, the company’s founders believe that, one need not be serious (say, dressed in suits and working in offices) to come up with brilliant ideas that can be tested and applied.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, the company’s aim is to transcend the notion that â€Å"great† is good. In other words, the company aims at being better than its previous success and in the same regard; the company believes that, it cannot be able to stay above its competitors if it is satisfied with being â€Å"great†. This aim has therefore prompted the company to look for new grounds where it can make a difference. Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Google brands itself in being a strong brand in the online search industry. Besides distinguishing the company from its competitors, Google’s strong brand poses a lot of advantages to the company (Collier 2011). First, it gives the company an indelible position which is uniquely indistinguishable from its competitors because Google’s strong brand name prompts online search engine users to think of the company first, before any other. This is the reason why many online users undertaking research activities, or who want to loo k up certain information on the internet normally think of Google first. This is also the reason why many people normally refer to looking up something online as â€Å"Googling it†. In fact, often, the brand Google is often envisioned as the only solution existing in the market, despite the presence of other online search engines. Due to Google’s strong brand presence, the company enjoys a strong individuality and separateness in the marketplace because its online clients are able to distinguish the company from other competitors. Also, the company’s clients are able to establish the company’s unique features and characteristics which enable them to prefer using Google as opposed to other competitors existing in the market. Moreover, from the Google brand, the company is able to reflect its personality. This refers to the company culture, say, of doing no evil and therefore, this process seeks to create a brand personality for Google which ultimately help s it command a stronger market share in the online search engine market. In other words, the company is able to express what it stands for in the corporate world. Collier (2011) further explains that, the brand Google â€Å"is what the company’s opinions, values, beliefs and moral character stand for. It’s not just what they say but what they do† (p. 3). Through the positive brand image that Google has, the company is able to control people’s perception of the company. Through a positive brand perception, the company is able to attract clients and professionals without even putting much effort towards it. In a way, the popularity of the Google brand has even elevated the company’s founders to a near celebrity status. Another internal strength Google enjoys is its robust market position. This robust market positioning is part of Google’s market strategy because it has been able to appeal to the minds of its customers as a result; thereby stro ngly maintaining its high market share. Because of the robust market positioning, customers are able to appreciate the attributes related to Google and how such attributes can be of benefit to them. Moreover, the positioning strategy enables Google to cut a mark above its competitors because it is able to stand superior to its market competitors as a result. Lastly, Google’s main strength lies in its infrastructure base because it enables it to come up with innovative products which set it above its competitors. The good infrastructural network of the company also enables the company to facilitate employee performance in the organization but monetarily, the infrastructure base of the company has attracted investors and advertisers to bank on the company’s success in remaining a leader in the online search engine industry. In other words, the company has been able to enjoy considerable levels of success because Google’s competitors have not been able to match up to the level of infrastructure-sophistication Google enjoys (because no investor would like to invest their money where they cannot make money). Google has so far provided a good infrastructure for investors to make money. However, despite these strengths, Google bears one major weakness – its lack of product integration. Its lack of product integration has seen Google experience a lot of market problems with regards to existing competitive forces because the company is perceived as a search engine company, but in recent times, it has developed products which cannot be associated with its core business model. Such is the case evidenced with its development of Google spreadsheets and the likes (which are software applications) (Hill 2009, p. 5). There is therefore a strong need for the company to enhance its product integration to merge its business interests and align its strategies for growth. External Strengths and Weaknesses Google’s external environment poses sever al strengths for the company because of the nature of the operating environment. For instance, the growth of internet domain names has increasingly posed a growth opportunity for the company because with an improvement in the company’s online infrastructure, Google can be able to handle the high traffic of the increased domain names. However, there is bound to be a resultant competition for existing domain names and Google needs to brace itself for such a challenge, in light of such increased competitive pressures. With a growth in domain names, Google anticipates that, the market share is bound to increase as a result and consequently, this is likely to result in more revenues for the company because advertisement revenues and investor growth will be evidenced as well. Also the growing market of internet mobile is also spurring more growth for online internet search companies because internet mobile increases the accessibility of users to Google’s services (Mobile Bey ond 2011). More importantly, internet mobile is increasing the company’s chances of developing a new market share of lower income customers. In fact, this anticipated growth is likely to increase the company’s advertising revenues because many companies are now acknowledging that most internet users are currently moving to internet mobile because of its portability and easy access. Moreover, the development of mobile phones which access the internet has tremendously increased, and consequently, the penetration of internet services has increased worldwide. This is because users who cannot afford computers, especially in the Asian and African markets, can now access the internet through their mobile phones and this increases the market for internet services (Mobile Beyond 2011, p. 3). It is further estimated that in the coming years, many internet users will be using mobile internet as opposed to desktop internet. This fact is affirmed by Mobile Beyond (2011) that: †Å"The mobile Internet is growing faster and will be bigger than the desktop Internet did, due to five converging technologies and social adoption trends: 3G, social networking, video, VoIP and impressive mobile devices† (p. 4). In the year 2010, it was estimated that, mobile internet devices were not less than ten billion; meaning that, internet mobile is quickly overtaking desktop access to internet because the latter does not show the same growth levels. However, Google also faces several weaknesses emanating from its external environment, like the intense competition it faces from its competitors (Buzzom 2011, p. 2). Google’s competitors are however not confined to the search engine field but also to other core areas the company operates in; especially with regards to the products and services it has come up with over the past decade. For instance, in the recent past, the company has experienced a stiff competition from Apple co., regarding the development of Smartph ones and the development of various mobile applications it seeks to enjoy with the emergence of the internet mobile market. However, in the search market, Microsoft poses the stiffest competition for the search engine giant and observers are keen to see how the competition plays out because Microsoft probably has the greatest impact in the information technology field. Amazon is also in competition with Google regarding cloud computing because there is a similar feature for both companies where clients can create web applications and run it in the infrastructure of both companies (Buzzom 2011, p. 2). There is also increased competition between Google and Facebook regarding the future of search engine companies because there is an overwhelming move towards social networking and Google is worried that Facebook may eventually pose a threat to its future sustainability in this regard (Buzzom 2011, p. 2). The same is true for similar social networking companies such as twitter. Google al so faces several risks regarding its international market ventures, in terms of foreign exchange risks, but this weakness is not only unique to the company alone but also other companies operating under the same circumstances. It is therefore important for the company to hedge such risks. Finally, Google also faces significant challenges with regard to its business model in the sense that, its advertisement revenues dwindle periodically due to the uncertainties in advertisement revenues. For example, the recent 2008/2009 global economic slump translated to decreased advertisement revenues for the company because there was reduced business. Nonetheless, this market weakness is also not only unique to Google. The following diagram summarizes the analysis of the internal and external strengths and weaknesses of the company: Company Strategies Google’s strategy revolves around innovation, to be ahead of its competitors and to provide customers with the best online experience. Th e move towards spurring innovation is fronted on the employee’s point of view because the company tries to provide a conducive environment where employees can be able to come up with new ideas and products which can be tested for future use. This is one primary strategy the company uses to come up with a good product development strategy. As part of the strategy, the company’s employees are expected to spend about 20% of their time on something that they like. Hill (2009) explains that, â€Å"seemingly based on 3M’s Famous 15% rule, Google’s 20% rule is designed to enhance creativity† (p. 7). To compliment this strategy, the company has established a forum where employees can share their ideas with others and ultimately realize product improvement as a result. If the projects are considered viable, they definitely receive funding after they are approved by the top managerial committees. The policy of coming up with new ideas spread throughout the o rganization; meaning that anyone within the organization can come up with interesting ideas on product development. The company also strongly believes that with regards to its product development, focus should always be made on the customers and not the money that is going to come as a result. This strategy guides the company’s activities because it is in their belief that, money and advertisers follow consumers and therefore if the company is able to attract a lot of consumers, it will be able to attract a lot of advertisers and consequently, a lot of money (Hill 2009, p. 7). The company also acknowledges that, innovation is the bedrock of coming up with good products and by no means is the project instantaneous. In other words, the company acknowledges that, it is patient while developing new products because through constant improvements, a product can achieve perfection. Due to the fact that, Google relies a lot on its product development strategy, the company has in the recent past focused on developing the right human resource team for this purpose. Its human resource strategy is focused on its hiring strategy because the company has embarked on an effort to hire only people with the highest IQs (Hill 2009, p. 8). The prospective employees also go through a vigorous hiring process. However, there are concerns that Google’s hiring strategy is not as efficient as it should be because employee turnover is said to be increasing. Recommendations and Conclusion Since Google is majorly run by two individuals, it is important for the company to adopt a bottom-up approach to management because in the past, the company has always relied on its founders to make important decisions regarding the future of the organization. Also, all ideas which come from the employees are most likely passed by the founders and an approval is made, or a rejection of the idea is registered. Focusing a lot of power on the founders of the organization is likely to inhibit the company’s sustainability into the future but most importantly, it is essential to acknowledge that, best performing companies have a decentralized power where employees feel part of the team and not subjects to a few individuals. Factoring the analysis of the company’s external and internal strengths and weaknesses, it is important for the company to adopt product integration to develop a strong business competency. To achieve this objective, it is important for the company to concentrate on developing products that match the company’s online search specialization. In other words, they should focus more on the company’s ability to provide users with an unforgettable online search experience and develop products which focus on this objective. From this point of view, the company can reduce competition from other entrants who are venturing into the online search industry where Google’s specialty lies. With regards to the company’s risks (l ike foreign exchange risks and uncertainties regarding advertising revenues), Google should adopt prudent hedging strategies to ensure its future financial standing. These recommendations should be observed alongside capitalizing on the company’s strengths. These recommendations are bound to guarantee the future sustainability of the company. References Buzzom (2011) Toughest Competitors of Google in 2010. Web. Collier, O. (2011) Advantages of a Strong Personal Brand. Web. Hill, C. (2009) Google in 2008. Washington, University of Washington. Mobile Beyond. (2011) Mobile Internet Research Report Reveals Massive Growth. Web. This report on Google Company Future Sustainability was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strategic Managment Assignment Essays

Strategic Managment Assignment Essays Strategic Managment Assignment Essay Strategic Managment Assignment Essay IS AN INCENTIVE PROGRAM APPROPRIATE? EXPLAIN YOUR POSITION? Answer: looking at the current scenario, incentive program is very appropriate. This is because, it help the employer to identify the various factors like motivation, skills, recognition, etc. for an employee. Incentive program can also be used to counter failure in the organizations i. e. failure in meeting targets, poor behavior, or performance 2) IF SO, SHOULD THERE BE ONE, TWO OR SEVERAL PLANS? Answer: There should be several incentives programs like point program, employee incentives (which can be used to increase employee moral), sales incentives (which can be used to drive sales and reduce costs and increase profits). The other kinds of incentives can be group incentives. This is because here, they have to work in groups. 3) WHO SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: For the incentive program, all the groups and individuals (employees, line managers and low line workers) should be included. 4) WHAT SHOULD BE THE BASIS FOR INCENTIVE PAYMENT? Answer:   performance  appraisal, managers judgment, etc. ) WHAT KIND OF INCENTIVES SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: The various incentives that should be included here are gain sharing and profit sharing incentives. The other incentives can be like cash rewards, percentage increase in base pay, and other non-cash prizes. EXERCISE 11. 1 1) WHAT WERE THE KEY VARIABLES YOU CONSIDER IN YOUR SELECTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP BASED PFP SYSTEM? Answer: The various variables that should be considered are as follows: a)workers values outcomes(money, prizes) b) Outcome is valued relative to other rewards. c) Desired performance must be measurable. d) Workers must be able to control rate of output or quality. ) Workers must be capable of increasing output or quality. f) Workers must believe that capability to increase exists. g) Workers must believe that increased output will result in receiving a reward. h) Size of reward must be sufficient to stimulate increased effort. i) Performance measures must be compatible with strategic goals for short and long term. 3) WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WOULD LEAD YOU TO CONCLUDE THAT A PFP SYSTEM WOULD NOT BE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE ORGANIZATION? Answer: The various circumstances that would lead to failure of a PFP system would be as follows: a) Poor perceived connection between performance and pay ) The level of performance-based pay is too low relative to base pay. The cost of more highly moti vating programs may be prohibitive. c) Lack of objective, countable results for most jobs, requiring the use of performance ratings. d) Faulty performance appraisal system, with poor cooperation for managers, leniency bias in the appraisal, and resistance to change. e) Union resistance to such system and to change in general. f) Poor connection between PFP outcomes and corporate performance measures.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law - Essay Example The understanding of Common Law is important because it forms the basis for understanding of the important provisions of other laws. Certain laws in the UK, like Law of Torts, Contract Law and Property Laws exist only in Common Law and, therefore, it assumes greater importance. Even in Australia, the Common Law practiced is derived from the UK Common Laws. There is a single Common Law prevalent in Austrialia and there is a common bond between the Common Law practiced in Australia and that found in the UK. The decisions of the House of Lords in England also forms the basis for judgment in many decided cases in Australia , and even today, the previous decided cases in the House of Lords forms the basis for judgment passed regarding Common Laws practiced in Australia. STEP 2: The tort of negligence includes the following aspects of the law such as the duty of care to be shown, breach of duty on the part of the defendant, factual causation, legal causation or remoteness and damage. The Australian Common Law says that the defendant must have a duty of care towards the claimant. The claimant must prove that the defendant has breached his duty by not exercising reasonable care. The first aspect is whether the defendant owed a duty towards the claimant. The second aspect relates to whether the duty has been breached. Again for the case to hold good, it is also necessary that the particular act were the cause of the loss or damages suffered. Again the aspect of how remote or close the action of the person caused harm to the claimant should also be assessed. Finally even though the breach of duty of the defendant has been proved, the negligence should have caused injury to the claimant, as a direct result of breach of care on the part of the defendant. (a) The case mentioned is regarding unintentional trespass on the part of Mary Jane, and as

Frankenstein by Mary Shelly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Frankenstein by Mary Shelly - Essay Example Mary Shelley was a very young woman when she wrote Frankenstein and her natural love of romance came into play in the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his adopted sibling, Elizabeth Lavenza. While Victor was reckless and ambitious within his desire to create his "new species" that went beyond just creating a human being, Elizabeth remained a gentle, caring and devoted person. She played the opposite of Frankenstein's compulsion with his "project". It did not appear to be a wildly passionate love affair but one of depth and caring, especially on Elizabeth's part. Frankenstein developed a fascination with science and nature as a young boy which led him to pursue the philosophies of the ancient Greeks up until he reached the age of seventeen when he went away to the university to study science and medicine. An affable youth, he soon found himself consumed by studies of the then modern science techniques and the radical idea that man could create life other than through the natural process of procreation. An absurd idea then and today that a human life could be returned from death but it was Frankenstein's obsession. The novel leaves the reader with the feeling that Shelley herself did have that much faith in the modern science of the time. Through her main character's preoccupation that he could improve upon science with undisputable expertise, it could be viewed that the author herself felt that were too many limitations at the time period for medical advancement. Victor Frankenstein believed that he had expanded his knowledge beyond that of his professors and broke into a totally new unknown territory as is suggested in the following quote. "It was a mystery; yet with how many things are we upon the brink of becoming acquainted, if cowardice or carelessness did not restrain our enquiries." (Shelley 41) Mary Shelley displayed her thoughts upon science in the way that she developed the character of the monster, as he is, himself, an anomaly, a freakish creation of a human structure, and not one of natural science. The creature is still a human being that finds himself an outcast, shunned from the natural human need for social interaction, but possessed of all the human emotions for that need. As expressed in the monster's speech to Frankenstein "Remember, that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam; but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed. Everywhere I see bliss from I alone am irrevocably excluded. I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy and I shall be virtuous." (Shelley 74) Though a novel of violence as the creature becomes filled with hate for Frankenstein who has in turn become repulsed by the monster and begins to only flee it until in retaliation the creature begins to stalk and kill those whom Frankenstein loves. A deep bond of affection and love runs within Victor

Eight Elvises Essay Example for Free

Eight Elvises Essay Following the times of the middle 1950’s Abstract Expressionism sparked an interest for Andy Warhol, and during the 60’s Andy, and Roy Lichtenstein created a new realism of America. This new realism was called Pop Art which expressed daily life in America as it was being lived. Warhol was born in 1928 as Andy Warhola, he grew up with a curiosity in commercials, and after a very successful life he became the main figure associated with Pop Art. His art is some of the most well known art of all time, and he is considered one of the best artists of all time, his greatest painting was done on canvas in 1963 called the Eight Elvises and is worth one hundred million dollars, which this amount is in the likes of Jackson Pollock, and Pablo Picasso’s work. Andy Warhol has many accomplishments during his life, and he was inspired by many different people and things. His talent led him to many opportunities including movies and artwork. Growing up Warhol was diagnosed with chorea which is a disease of the nervous system that causes movements that are involuntary. This disease is correlated with scarlet fever, causing Andy to grow up primarily bed-ridden, and this is where he listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars which helped him gain his own personality and attributes. After his struggle he spent his time at Carnegie School of Fine Arts Institute in Pittsburgh, he studied hard and showed his artistic capability early while he studied commercial art. Warhol was quickly offered a position in New York drawing advertisements for a shoe company. This is where his whimsical colors started to be portrayed in his drawings of those shoes. While working with the shoe company he was recruited to illustrate the vinyl album covers for band by record labels who at the time were booming with musical talent. In 1952, while Warhol was doing shoe art he was also doing his own art on the side. He wanted to show his early work to the public, so after pitching his idea he got his first art show in New York at the Hugo Gallery. All of his works during these times are very interesting to me, because he used his art to represented life as it was in America every day. Warhol took these everyday things as simple as Campbell’s soup cans, or Coke Cans and turned them into monumental items in America’s life. These items sell over 3 million products a day; these companies’ should be thanking Andy for making their business boom Worldwide. Warhol stated â€Å"You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too† (Art). This art of the soups and cokes form analytic lines the way he stacks cans precisely and mathematically as he draws, which takes extreme precision and measurement on his part to make sure that everything is straight and perfect. After these paintings were produced, Warhol began getting very well known in the New York art world. This art led him to moving on to what was called â€Å"The Factory† where many creative minds ranging from actors, writers, musicians, and other artists would drop by and lend their inspiration. The Factory† is where Andy let his ability shine, he decided to get rid of a difference between high and low art, and make known that art can be found anywhere. High art being art that has history and low art being art that has no history, but Andy wanted to clear high and low all together. Warhol liked the factory because it had a crazy atmosphere that fit his life style. He produced all of his work during the time at factory while he was working there. Including in 1963 piece that had the most impact on me which was the silkscreen painting Eight Elvises because the unusual thing about this silkscreen is that it is unique. Warhol had many other silkscreen’s that were produced sometimes in the hundreds, and Warhol only made one Eight Elvises. This 12 ft canvas shows from left to right Elvis in cowboy attire with his gun drawn in his right hand with seven repeat images on the left of his body finishing off with a full body view with left hand in sight as his body fades away. Warhol was known as a primary visual artist and this art is an example of that. Silkscreen is a stencil method of printmaking in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. Warhol did not bother to clean up the imperfections of the print including slips of the screen, uneven inkings of the roller, and general graininess. I believe that this artwork and the artists represent America because Warhol used American icons such as items and faces to secure a place for these in history. For these reasons this is why I have chosen this artwork. I like that he used a popular person Elvis and put his pop art twist on him turning him into eight western Elvises ready to draw his weapon, I think this means that he is a dependable hero for America to lean on. Warhol uses high and low art through his artwork giving it a desirable product. During the sixties his art was very distinct and powerful which in turn Warhol gained mass popularity, and people that had known him had been driven away from him due to his success. In 1968 a woman that worked for Warhol on occasion found him and shot him in the stomach, stating that â€Å"He had to much control over my life† (Art). He survived the gunshot, but was injured horribly and was required to wear a bandage on his stomach for the rest of his life. After this incident Warhol returned to the art world creating some more of my favorite art because of the way that he uses colors on the faces of American icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Mr. and Mrs. JFK, even Jimmy Carter, Mick Jagger, and Elvis. After the assassination attempt he also began publishing a magazine called â€Å"Interview† which is still published today. This magazine was dubbed as â€Å"The Crystal Ball of Pop (Interview. com) due to Warhol’s style of running the magazine, Andy would take pictures of famous people or items and by adding his color schemes he would make the entire magazine look like his art. A portion of this magazine is still dedicated to Andy’s style of work. His hard work ethic led him to many art shows getting his work extensively in museums and galleries around the world until he died during a gall bladder procedure that was deemed a safe procedure. His work of almost forty years has secured his position as one of the most influential talents of all time, and one of the greatest artists in the world. Warhol grew up with tough conditions leading to his confused life and very awkward personality type, these factors contributed to his choice of being a homosexual and his ambition of wanting to only make rich people richer by putting their pictures in the art world for more people to look at this is why he did so many self portraits. He wanted everyone to remember what he did and to this day I would say he made a big impact.

Electronics Global Strategy In Emerging Markets Marketing Essay

Electronics Global Strategy In Emerging Markets Marketing Essay In 1947, LG was born as the Lak Hui Chemical Industrial Co. by Mr. In-hwoi Koo for manufacturing cosmetic creams. After that, the company produced radios, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners as Goldstar Co. (currently LG Electronics) in 1958. The LG group was a merger of 2 Korean companies, Lucky and Goldstar; the current LG brand name was acronym from the name of these companies. With more than 82.000 employees and 110 subsidiaries and marketing units all over the world  [1]  , LG Electronics Inc. (LGE) was a successful company of Korean electronics that got the revenues of more than $43 billion  [2]  . Its products involve 4 strategic business units: Mobile communications, Digital appliance, Digital display, and Digital media such as CDMA handsets, DVD players, air conditioners, micro ovens, consumer electronics, and so on. In this report, we are going to discuss the key strengths of the Korean electronics industry during their formative years and how firms leverage these advantages to enter developed country markets. After that, the report mentions particularly about the strategic growths of LG Electronics to approach the emerging markets; and we are going to find out the commonalities across its strategies in the BRIC countries. Finally, the report will be ended with the points of learning that can be distilled from its success in emerging market and if these advantages help firms to compete in developed country or not. PART II Case Question 1 What were the key strengths of Korean electronics industry during the formative years? How did firms leverage these advantages to enter developed-country markets? During the formative years, almost Korea electronics is an Original Equipment Manufacturer such as Goldstar, Samsung, and Zenith; which received orders from global companies. This should bring them a lot of experiences on customer demand, the characteristic of markets, the customized products of some countries. The combination between innovate and education policy encouraged more students for technical education, the low-cost skills of Korean employees, the access of effective technology across all firms, the strongly development of technology in all country. Korea electronics companies can learn quickly knowledge, technologies, skills from Europe, US, Japan because government allows these foreign firms become joint venture with domestic firms. For example: LG Hitachi, Deawoo GE, Samsung Sanyo, so on. Besides that, government also focused on most sectors of Electronic industry of country, so they supported so much to develop this industry. Foreign investment was supported to develop the intermediate parts and component industry, while prohibiting foreign investment in companies producing finished goods. Korean firm with letters of credit for exports automatically received access to preferential loans. Export companies were exempted from various indirect taxes and received tax breaks for depreciation and tariff payments; they also had access to duty-free imports of capital goods. Government helped to encourage firm creating their local RD. With the developing and investment of technology, some firms stared to export their products by their own logo, not as OEM anymore like LG and Samsung. Because they were OEM of some global markets, so they already had the reference of consumers and global standards. After that, with many supporting of government, they had their manpower supplying with skills and abilities from university. Government has the tax breaks for depreciation and tariff payments for exporting companies. And the RD department had enough experience to recognize the market and give the best solution for company. As the Glodstar product lines, LGE established a central RD to develop and manufacture color TV (CTVs), VCRs and computers. PART III Case Question 2 Were there any distinct patterns in terms of the companys approach to emerging markets? Trace the commonalities across its strategies in the BRIC countries. Brazil Brazil is a country in South America wide more than 8.5 million km2, rich in mineral resources, population 190 million people with diverse cultures. Brazil is the leading economy in Latin America, ranking 10th in the world. Brazil chooses the path of economic model: fast growth with the advantage that fast economy flourishes, the growth rate in average income is very high. Besides that, government has some regulations to promote investors such as preferential tax rates, land subsidies in country, especially in some underdeveloped rainforest region. With these advantages, LG began attacking the Brazilian market in the mid-1990s. But during that time, Brazil also faced a lot of difficulties. Because their economic model is fast growth, so it also makes unequal economic, political; social increasingly fierce; the quality of life is not considered. At the late 1990s, almost global companies had to exit the market because of very high import tariffs, significant competition from the gray goods market, very low brand awareness. Inflation rate increased with high speed, local currency became unstable, exchange rates started to plummet with increasing levels of uncertainty. LG decided to make a long-term strategy, and also expanded their brand name in India. They had 2 factories in Manaus and Taubate to produce their products, this strategy made Brazil as a regional manufacturing hub to serve South America and US markets. LG also let Brazilian government know that they are a credibility partner in term of national growth by join with government to combat the problem of the rampant smuggling of gray market goods. Everybody knows that Brazil is a country passionate about soccer, Brazilian live for football. So LG had one strategy to reach millions of football fans sponsored a football club in Sao Paulo that most popular among the top clubs in the country  [3]  . By providing official uniforms with the LG logo for Sao Paulo club, LG get the instant brand recognition and fixed image in consumer. India LG began in 1993 as a form of joint venture with a consumer products company named Bestavision. They chose the Goldstar line of products to distribute in India. Since the government allowed foreign companies set up their own firms without local partnership, and the business of LG and Bestavision failed, LG decided to launch LGE India Ltd. (LGEIL) in 1997 with their own wholly owned subsidiaries in India. There were many challenges that LG had to overcome like: low brand awareness about LG brand name; LG was one of the last MNCs entered in India; high import duty of government; price sensitiveness of the Indian consumer and competitors. Following the global strategy, LG still entered and focused on the rural market. Because there are a lot of competition from local and global players in urban market; big population of rural market but also large untapped; etc. There is 1 year for them to set up manufacturing operations in Greater Noida to manufacture televisions, washing machine, etc. to over some the high import rate cost. At the first time, LG created an RD teams by local employees to customizing its products lines to meet local needs. It helped LG distribute their existing products and also customizing the new unique characteristic of products that matched the consumers expectations. This is an important resolution for LG to achieve both objectives: marketing and produce. LG had differentiated its product using technology and health care system like golden eye technology of CTVS, health air system for air conditionals, so on. They focus on emphasizing good-quality products, with prime technology and network. For customized products, they did not cut prices in manufacture existing product lines, but they decided to built new version with less material cost and also catch the needs of consumers. They kept the engineered quality of the appliances and focused on value engineering and design to manufacture at the lower cost. Such as microwave ovens with cooking menu including 77 kinds of Indian dishes  [4]  , television is displayed by 10 regional languages, washing machine with sari cycle, and so on. It helped LGEIL have all levels of consumers, especially low-class consumers, because company served exactly the need of them high quality but not expensive products. The price range of the products of LG India is quite reasonable and affordable so as to make it easier for every class of people to go for it thereby increasing the consumer level. For example, the price of Sampoorna reduces from 9000 to 5050. This shows R D team has worked very well and complete their tasks, it helps the production of LG reasonable based on deep understanding of Indias cultural and linguistic diversity. LG Company invested and created the distribution network encompassing with 65 Remote Area Offices, 60 central area offices, near to 4.000 access points in all areas, and they also had their online channel lgezbuy.com to provide information of products, comparison of prices and qualities across geographic, accept the individuals buyers. These regional distribution networks helped LG E to penetrate the B, C and D markets faster and wider. http://htmlimg3.scribdassets.com/6q46i2mohe5bi0w/images/14-631b49b1d4/000.png As same activity in Brazil, LG started sponsoring to catch more customers. LG became the largest single sponsor of cricket in the world, although they came from a country where cricket was not played. It immediately attacked to millions of cricket fans in this country and prelude to the success of the cricket-game TV set lines. LG also brought their products to 4 capitals of Indian cricket team for endorsing. Another strategy for other field of India, LGEIL promoted their products by Indians leading film stars. This is considered the largest film producer in the world by number of films produced annually and the number of tickets sold at cinemas, it has its owned name Bollywood to describe the effective to local consumers. After that, LG had another long-term strategy in trying to care about the social welfares in India initiatives. It created a friendly look to the company, people knew that company really did not just trading on their own country, but also cares for their lives. They subsidized the primary school education and books for children, built a village school. While most of employees of company in India were local people, they provided medical clinics for the health care strategy to employees as well as the local community. Also there were some basic levels, but LG shown that their corporation social responsible done well. As mentioned above, LGEIL put local employees staffed as the main labor force in their manufacturing. With the local employees, company could get great resource of engineering and design skills. LG Indias purposing is satisfying the needs of its consumers not only in the domestic market but all across the globe. Company is trying to make India as their training hub for global strategy. The company had begun rotating some of these managers into positions in third countries in the middles east and Africa. This is one of advantages of LG to acquire a leading position by providing fast and innovative techniques on their products. They always create new products with the best technology possible. Russia LG first entered Russia for the purpose to sale products; they imported goods manufactured from other countries and sale in Russia. Not the same as Brazil and India, LG operated themselves in and around the city of Moscow, and they just focused on Goldstar brand. LG set up an RD center and regional office in St. Petersburg for their first strategy. Till Russian engineers were known for their ability and skills in technology, company looked for talent employees to support their global employees. LG promoted their reputation by opening LG brand shops, retail channels with LG brand portfolio, culture marketing events such as LG festivals, cooking events, and so on. 1998, Russia was affected by the severe economic crisis; it made Russia faced the debt moratorium problem. This was the time LG shown their long-term strategy and loyal attitude to all Russian local and government. The more they pushed the mode of operation to dominate the market dropped; they enhance the image with consumers through the sponsorship of events, more carefully to the requirements for each market. These activities created a foundation for their premium strategy and image to local. In 2005, government allowed company to use the Narodnaya Marka logo for their products. This is an important event for LG officially recognized as a national brand, the successful of foreign company of their localization strategy. China In this market, LG first reason for entering china is lower-cost production, and they spent a lot of time to understand the local market conditions and assessing the feasibility to be successful. Since LG Electronics established its local subsidiary in Huizhou in 1992, the LG Groups 12 subsidiaries have come to manage some 34 local companies, including 22 manufacturers. LG Electronics took the top position in the Chinese domestic market in the area of TV export, CD-Rom drivers, washing machine, and air conditioners during that time because of their advantages of technological prowess and the marketability of their products. In china, they used the new strategy as a bipolar strategy a strategy offer high value-added digital home appliances to the high income earners living in the coastal areas, and low-priced household electronically appliances to general households living in the interior. China is a great resource for operating a business. With many advantages such as low labor cost, low material cost, government regulations, geographic proximity to Korea market, 16 corporate entities of LG were built in the country which focused on manufacture Plasma TV, white goods, and important research, development in 2006. LG expanded their brand to set up a manufacturing network to serve countries such as Russia and US. As 98% off employees were local Chinese and RD center, this is a smart strategy of LG in case of localization in China. For their promoting image, LG initiated an I love china campaign and passed out free sanitary masks to local citizens during the SARS crisis in China. This activity really effected to customers while others competitors tried to rundown their business. LG also well done with their Corporation Social Responsibility by launching schools, offering scholarships to economically disadvantaged students, sponsoring a touting cultural festival that would bring traditional Chinese cultural experiences to small towns and villages, founding a hospital program to provide surgical treatment to children with cleft palates. Common strategy across BRIC At the first time, LG Electronics always put up their local manufacturer and RD team with local employees to understand the need and characteristic of each market. They depend on these researches and created some specification for local. Such as in India, most of consumers require on cheap price of products, but still have the same quality of international; LGEIL decided to produce the television with a smaller screen size and scaled-down sound system. They did not forget to serve the high-end products to all markets. This is really the big success of their RD activities. They are supporting global strategy by looking for talent local employees, meaning they localize with a purpose for global market. And with local operation, they can save much of manufactured products such as materials, employees, etc. Second thing for their global strategy is they always established their brand name on rural market, where avoid the competition of those large corporations around the world. This is one unique strategy of LG because they focus on lower-class consumers and appropriate way to satisfy consumers in cheap prices but still benefit. The population of rural areas is always greater many times than urban areas. In 2007, LG Electronics reached the $2 billion marks in revenues in India; this is a good result for their strategy. By recruiting the local employees, LG E knew well about the characteristic of their consumers and this is an advantage to attack them. The company is always looking for talent employees to train them as a global standard. LG E did sponsors to the passionate of the country, such as cricket game in India, football in Brazil. Otherwise, they had good corporation social responsibility that shown local and government their loyalty. All strategies of LG E in BRIC countries are long-term commitment; this make LG has a different position compare with other operations. LG still tries to overcome all the barriers if they believe that a market is really profitable. PART IV Case Question 3 What are critical points of learning that can be distilled from its success in emerging market? How these advantages are leveraged to compete in developed countries? Are there advantages transferable? By some successful experiences of LG in BRIC countries, LG brought to people the strategy to run well an operation in emerging market. Some of their success experiences are do sponsorship, event to create an image to customers; they always had their RD team to customization their product to satisfy the markets based on localization. They still kept the global standard on their product lines and put it into new products for each market. By this way, their brand name will have the image of globalization and also get benefit for customized products. And LG focused on rural market and they know that major population of BRIC countries is poor, so they give what the customers want low price. In case of operate in developed country, LG can also use this strategy to attack their customers, but its harder. Because in developed countries, there are many sponsorship and activities daily, if their marketing strategy is not unique, LG can get many difficult to compete with others like Sony, Phil lip, etc. Foreign businesses always focus on 2 things: outsourcing and marketing when enter a country. LG really did 2 things above in BRIC countries because they built their own factories, using local people, manufacture products on their factory in each country. They produce their customized products and sale them. But maybe this strategy will not work in developed country, because of the highly cost rates. The purpose for building their outsourcing is reducing the cost, but in developed country, the cost for these activities is very expensive. There will be better for them if they just do marketing and sale activities in developed country. Other thing is their distribution network. They expanded their brand name by a lot of retail channel, offices to most areas of each country. They also can save the cost for import, export, transfer, and quickly accessible to consumers. This will be the prepare strategy before LG enter a developed country. PART V References Career LG. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 24, 2010, from LG Electronics Inc.: http://www.lg.com/global/about-lg/careers/faq.jsp Corporate infomation. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2010, from LG Electronics Inc.: http://www.lg.com/africa_en/about-lg/corporate-info/global-sports-sponsorship/sao-paulo-football-club.jsp Grand Finale Of LGS MALLIKA E Kitchen 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2010, from Food and Nightlife: http://www.foodandnightlife.com/content/grand-finale-of-lg-s-mallika-e-kitchen-2010 LG Record sales and products. (2010, 1 28). Retrieved 11 19, 2010, from Consumer Lifestyle News: http://www.cln-online.org/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=511:lgprofitscatid=40:industryItemid=135 LOUIS VUITTON IN INDIA Table of Contents Louis Vuitton Background Introduction 24 Case Question 1 Why do people buy luxury goods? 25 Case Question 2 Louis Vuitton is a high-end product. India is a low-income economy. Can this dichotomy be reconciled? 28 Case Question 3 What are the external factors kindering the purchase of luxury goods in a country like India? 30 Case Question 4 Why do luxury goods marketers form retail clusters? 33 Case Question 5 Why do certain luxury brands look for store locations in luxury hotels? 35 Case Question 6 How does a luxury mall work for luxury goods marketers? 37 Conclusion 39 References 40 PART I INTRODUCTION Louis Vuitton, a French fashion house officially founded in 1854, is the worlds leading of high-end fashion brand in international fashion industry. The well-known label is LV monogram which is featured on most products ranging from luxury trunks to leather goods is also as a way to deter counterfeiters. Founder of LV first launched a small leather shop in 1821 with the original products specialized in crafting fine leather luggage ware. But since recognized the demand among prestigious travelers who wanted premium steamer bags, flat cases, and weekend bags, the namesake designer, Louis Vuitton, gradually grew into a brand that offered deluxe travel goods. Back then, as successfully in establishing LV initial reputation, LV expanded the assortment to include carry-on-bags, toiletry cases, small trunks, jewelry boxes, and eventually luxury watches. Today, over one hundred and fifty year brand Louis Vuitton has been spread throughout Europe as the fashion icon of the most exquisite sy mbol. In this particular case study, we are going to discuss the reason why people purchase luxury goods, especially is LV; and how the dichotomy between a high-end product and a low-income economy to be reconciled. Then, the report will be continued with the external factors that hindering the purchase of luxury goods in India, culture typically. After that, mentioned more in international marketing, we are going to find out the reason why luxury goods marketers form retail clusters, why certain luxury goods look for store locations in luxury hotel. And finally, the report will be ended with the way of a luxury mall work for luxury goods marketers. PART II Case Question 1 Why do people buy luxury goods? Nowadays, when the world becomes globalization, there are no more barriers in the integration process of every country. Therefore, people are entitled to purchase and use global products made by international companies. Not the same as consumer goods or necessity goods, luxury goods are cyclical and correlate with GDP in specific regions, often exaggerating the up- and down-swings; in boom times, consumers demand tends to grow faster than the growth of economies (as measured by GDP)  [5]  . More precisely, luxury goods are goods for which demand is not related to income. Basically, there are three main factors that lead people by luxury goods. Especially in todays consumer-driven economy, people spend proportionately less on basic necessities and more on things based upon emotion and desire. Firstly, they buy luxury good because of its superior functionality and quality. Most of them were old because of hard working time period, so they were wealthy enough that willing to pay premium for products that had enduring value. They usually conducted extensive pre-purchase research, then making logical decisions rather than emotional or impulsive. This action highlighted the messages of product quality. And that message were information-intensive appealed to them. Consisting of connoisseurs, this category was the largest. Secondly, they are people who perceive luxury products as a reward. They saw these products as status symbols which make the personal statement that they had arrived. Highly driven, they were motivated by a desire to be successful, eager to showcase their success to others. They also were keen on appearing lavish or hedonistic. They wanted to make seemingly smart decisions that demonstrated the importance of their purchase while not leaving them open to social criticism of any kind. Thirdly, this is the smallest and consisted of younger consumers, with a higher proportion of males than the other categories. They saw luxury products as a means of self-indulgence. They enjoyed luxury products for their feel-good factor. They were emotional in their purchase decisions and were not concerned with product longevity or its enduring value. Particularly, in India, people who buy luxury goods fall into the second category. As we know, maharajahs are the most wealthy and powerful in India in the late 19th century. They are the one who prefer everything luxury to showcase their positions as great king. It was the ongoing orders from Indian royal families, among other wealthy customers, that had helps Louis Vuitton survive the Great Depression of the 1920s  [6]  .After that, although the changes in 1971, these maharajahs lost their traditional hold in post-independent India and their riches with the abolition of annual financial grants from federal government, many of them became entrepreneurs; but accidentally, the new generation of customers for LV was formed in India including start-up owners of myriad new businesses, professional CEOs in their thirties and early forties, non-resident Indian, small and medium retailers, big-brand franchisees, Bollywood actors and closet spenders. This new generation of customers coul d be the third category of who purchase luxury goods. They are new and not too many of them are really rich, but they still purchase LV as the feel good factor. Hence, they are very essential in long-term strategic development in Indian market. PART III Case Question 2 Louis Vuitton is a high-end product. India is a low-income economy. Can this dichotomy be reconciled? India, throughout history, has been a land of extremes and known for the indulgence of its opulent classes  [7]  . Typically, there are more than 600 maharajahs existed that time. They are truly powerful and wealthy enough to be considered as great king. As a positive result, most of global brands were looking India as a market with long-term potential whereby there are high demands of luxury goods from Indian royal families, so does Louis Vuitton. Until now, almost luxury brands are still survived in Indian market despite of global economic crisis. Clearly evidences are the Indian market has increased a significant percent of consumption this year when customers are more interested in walking into the outlets and, importantly, buying rather than just looking. Besides that, India is known as a low-income economy, but there are really have several wealthy people who are superior to the average population. Since Louis Vuitton made an important observation that the rich in India were flying to London, Dubai, Singapore, New York, and Paris to shop because there were noting available in India for them to buy  [8]  , the company has articulated the clear long-term goals in India that is open store in every Indian city so that the wealthy class can buy the needed items right in their home country. The World Wealth Report 2005-06, published by Merrill Lynch and Capgemini, put the number of dollar millionaires in India at 83,000 in 2005. The report also said that India recorded the worlds second fastest growth in the number of HNW individuals, 19.3 per cent in 2005  [9]  . Thus, we can easily realize the potential market of Indian consumers purchasing power. Currently, due to the capitalist mind set and growing young population, India offers to luxury brands favorable advantages such as more wealthy people, increasing awareness, increasing consumerism, and greater supply of luxury goods. Firstly, luxury product companies strategizing their entry into India were primarily targeting high-net-worth individuals because they are those with a million dollars or more in liquid financial assets. They are the largest category of spending on luxury goods as the number of them as well as their demand increased. Secondly, India young generation is now travelling abroad more than before, thus, the foreigner brand awareness is also increasing. The more they go out of the country, the more they exposure with international brands, especially luxury brands. Then, the demand of these kinds of global brands is increased in India but domestic market can not satisfy their demand. That is the reason helps luxury goods generally and Louis Vuitton particularly still existed and developed gradually in this market. Thirdly, there are also an increased numbers in consumption of non-essential items. The world is getting globalization day by day; the demand of human is not only the needs but also the wants, so that their life becomes more convenient and sophisticated. They dont afraid of giving a large amount of money to spend on a luxury product that it is worth for and satisfied their wants. Of course, there is no more guilt feeling associated with spending on luxury nowadays. Finally, together with the boom of expanding global, luxury brands opened more and more outlets in as many countries as possible, including India. Generally, in the world of opposition, this dichotomy entirely can be reconciled. PART IV Case Question 3 What are the external factors hindering the purchase of luxury goods in a country like India? Depend on several conditions of each country; the factors that are hindering the purchase of luxury goods are various. In this particular case study, we are finding out the external factors in Indian market. Advertising platform: Nowadays, Advertising is a service to the community  [10]  . It is usually revealled the latest fashions and the new popular novelties on the market. Therefore, the effect of adverting to the community is essential. Advertising has the power of persuade and influence consumer. Advertising has short-term power (conveying new information, building awareness, enhancing credibility, etc.) and long-term power (conveying brand image, attaching emotional values to the brand, building positive reputation, etc.)  [11]  . Actually, there is lack of advertising platform in Indian market. No famous magazines or newspapers are found in India at that time. Hence, LV als

Hydrogen Peroxide Essay

The same reaction is catalysed by the  enzyme  catalase, found in the  liver, whose main function in the body is the removal of toxic byproducts ofmetabolism  and the reduction of  oxidative stress. The decomposition occurs more rapidly in  alkali, so  acid  is often added as a stabilizer. The liberation of oxygen and energy in the decomposition has dangerous side-effects. Spilling high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on a flammable substance can cause an immediate fire, which is further fueled by the oxygen released by the decomposing hydrogen peroxide. High test peroxide, or HTP (also called high-strength peroxide) must be stored in a suitable, vented container to prevent the buildup of oxygen gas, which would otherwise lead to the eventual rupture of the container. In the presence of certain catalysts, such as  Fe2+  or  Ti3+, the decomposition may take a different path, with  free radicals  such as HO · (hydroxyl) and HOO · (hydroperoxyl) being formed. A combination of  H2O2  and  Fe2+  is known as  Fenton’s reagent. A common concentration for hydrogen peroxide is  20-volume, which means that, when 1 volume of hydrogen eroxide is decomposed, it produces 20 volumes of oxygen. A  20-volumeconcentration of hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to 1. 667  mol/dm3  (Molar solution) or about 6%. Redox reactions In acidic solutions,  H2O2  is one of the most powerful oxidizers known—stronger than  chlorine,  chlorine dioxide, and  potassium permanganate. Also, through catalysis,  H2O2  can be converted intohydroxyl radicals  (†¢OH), which are highly reactive. Oxidant/Reduced product| Oxidation  potential, V| Fluorine/Hydrogen fluoride| 3. 0| Ozone/Oxygen| 2. 1| Hydrogen peroxide/Water| 1. 8| Potassium permanganate/Manganese dioxide. Chlorine dioxide/HClO| 1. 5| Chlorine/Chloride| 1. 4| In aqueous solutions, hydrogen peroxide can oxidize or reduce a variety of inorganic ions. When it acts as a reducing agent,  oxygen  gas is also produced. In  acidic  solutions  Fe2+  is oxidized to  Fe3+  (hydrogen peroxide acting as an oxidizing agent), 2  Fe2+(aq) +  H2O2  + 2  H+(aq) ; 2  Fe3+(aq) + 2H2O(l) and  sulfite  (SO2? 3) is oxidized to  sulfate  (SO2? 4). However,  potassium permanganate  is reduced to  Mn2+  by acidic  H2O2. Under  alkaline  conditions, however, some of these reactions reverse; for example,  Mn2+  is oxidized to  Mn4+  (as  MnO2). Other examples of hydrogen peroxide’s action as a reducing agent are reaction with  sodium hypochlorite  or  potassium permanganate, which is a convenient method for preparing  oxygen  in the laboratory. NaOCl +  H2O2  >  O2  + NaCl +  H2O 2  KMnO4  + 3  H2O2  > 2  MnO2  + 2 KOH + 2  H2O  + 3  O2 Hydrogen peroxide is frequently used as an  oxidizing agent  in organic chemistry. One application is for the oxidation of  thioethers  to  sulfoxides. For example,  methyl phenyl sulfidecan be readily oxidized in high yield to  methyl phenyl sulfoxide: Ph? S? CH3  +  H2O2  > Ph? S(O)? CH3  +  H2O Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is used for  epoxidation  of electron-deficient alkenes such as  acrylic acids, and also for oxidation of  alkylboranes  to  alcohols, the second step of  hydroboration-oxidation. Formation of peroxide compounds Hydrogen peroxide is a weak acid, and it can form  hydroperoxide  or  peroxide  salts  or derivatives of many metals. For example, on addition to an aqueous solution of  chromic acid  (CrO3) or acidic solutions of dichromate salts, it will form an unstable blue peroxide CrO(O2)2. In aqueous solution it rapidly decomposes to form oxygen gas and chromium salts. It can also produce peroxoanions by reaction with  anions; for example, reaction with  borax  leads to  sodium perborate, a bleach used in laundry detergents: Na2B4O7  + 4  H2O2  + 2 NaOH > 2  Na2B2O4(OH)4  +  H2O H2O2  converts  carboxylic acids  (RCOOH) into peroxy acids (RCOOOH), which are themselves used as oxidizing agents. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with  acetone  to form  acetone peroxide, and it interacts with  ozone  to form  hydrogen trioxide, also known as  trioxidane. Reaction with  urea  produces  carbamide peroxide, used for whitening teeth. An acid-base adduct with  triphenylphosphine oxide  is a useful â€Å"carrier† for  H2O2  in some reactions. Alkalinity Hydrogen peroxide can still form adducts with very strong acids. The  superacid  HF/SbF5  forms unstable compounds containing the  [H3O2]+  ion. Domestic uses * Diluted  H2O2  (between 3% and 8%) is used to bleach human  hair  when mixed with  ammonium hydroxide, hence the phrase â€Å"peroxide blonde†. * It is absorbed by  skin  upon contact and creates a local skin  capillary  embolism  that appears as a temporary whitening of the skin. * It is used to whiten  bones  that are to be put on display. 3%  H2O2  is effective at treating fresh (red) blood-stains in clothing and on other items. It must be applied to clothing before blood stains can be accidentally â€Å"set† with heated water. Cold water and soap are then used to remove the peroxide treated  blood. Some horticulturalists and users of  hydroponics  advocate the use of weak hydrogen peroxide solution in watering solutions. Its spontaneous decomposition releases oxygen that enhances a plant’s root development and helps to treat  root rot  (cellular root death due to lack of oxygen) and a variety of other pests. Laboratory tests conducted by fish culturists in recent years have demonstrated that common household hydrogen peroxide can be used safely to provide oxygen for small fish. Hydrogen peroxide releases oxygen by decomposition when it is exposed to  catalysts  such as  manganese dioxide. * Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer effective in controlling sulfide and organic-related odors in wastewater collection and treatment systems. It is typically applied to a wastewater system where there is a retention time of 30 minutes to 5 hours before hydrogen sulfide is released.

Loss Contingency for a Verdict Overturned on Appeal Essay

Accounting for a Loss Contingency for a Verdict Overturned on Appeal May 2007, W filed a claim against M for patent infringement. †¢ For the year ended December 31, 2007, management of M determined that a loss for this matter was probable and represented that the estimate of loss was in the range of $15 million to $20 million, with $17 million being the most likely amount of loss within the range. †¢ A jury trial took place in September 2009. †¢ The jury reached a verdict on September 24, 2009, and a judgment was ordered in favor of W. The judgment required M to pay W $18.5 million. †¢ In November 2009, M filed a Notice of Appeal with the Court of Appeals. †¢ In December 2010, the Court of Appeals issued a ruling in favor of M’s appeal and reversed the lower court’s ruling on the matter. This meant that the Court of Appeals overturned the jury verdict and the $18.5 million judgment against M. †¢ On January 6, 2011, W filed a petition for a re-hearing before the same panel of appellate judges against the reversal of ruling by Court of Appeals. †¢ On February 10, 2011, the appellate judges declined the petition for a re-hearing. †¢ On February 28, 2011, management of M determined this matter was closed upon discussions with in-house legal counsel. Required: 1. For the year-end December 31, 2007, financial statements, what amount should M record as a liability? 2. For the year-end December 31, 2009, financial statements, should M adjust its liability? If so, what amount should be recorded; and should the amount of the adjustment be considered a 2009 event or a prior period adjustment? 3. Should M record the reduction of the previously recorded loss contingency

That Is Not Always Necessary

That Is Not Always Necessary That Is Not Always Necessary That Is Not Always Necessary By Mark Nichol Try this: Go to a content Web site and click on an article, or open a Word document you’ve created, and search for the word that. This wallflower word is likely to appear with surprising frequency but it shouldn’t seem very surprising, because that has five distinct grammatical functions: 1. As a pronoun used directly in the form of a replacement for a noun: â€Å"That’s my ball.† â€Å"Where are you going after that?† 2. As a pronoun used to introduce a relative clause: â€Å"The vase that I just bought is missing.† â€Å"I’ve gone every year that it’s been held.† 3. As a conjunction: â€Å"She said that she’d be here.† â€Å"Be grateful that you got any at all.† 4. As an adjective: â€Å"I’ve been to that restaurant.† â€Å"That friend of yours is no friend at all.† 5. As an adverb: â€Å"The joke was not that funny.† â€Å"I’ve never been that far.† It also appears in expressive phrases â€Å"at that,† â€Å"and all that† and in certain affected statements that often call for exclamation points: â€Å"Oh, would that you were here!† â€Å"That I should be subject to such ridicule!† It’s such a ubiquitous word, it might relieve you to know it’s often optional. As a matter of fact, I managed to avoid using it twice each in the initial paragraph and in this one (though I couldn’t easily get around using it once other than in the sample sentences and phrases in the previous paragraph; â€Å"often calling for† would be an awkward substitution). How’d I do that? Notice, in usages no. two and no. three above, you can write each of the sample sentences without that (and notice I omitted the word as a conjunction both in the sentence previous to this one and in this parenthesis itself). Just because that is often optional doesn’t mean you have to omit it, but sentences often flow more smoothly without it. Take these two examples: â€Å"The water district informed its customers that summer that they would have to endure no mandatory water restrictions.† Because the sentence has an adjectival (essential) that, you might as well delete the second, conjunctive one: â€Å"The water district informed its customers that summer they would have to endure no mandatory water restrictions.† â€Å"I wouldn’t say that that’s the best way to go about it.† When sentence construction calls for two consecutive uses (no. 3 and no. 2 respectively), delete the optional one: â€Å"I wouldn’t say that’s the best way to go about it.† For uses 1, 4, and 5, that isn’t optional as the sentences are written, but you can often write around it: â€Å"That’s my ball† could be written â€Å"You have my ball.† â€Å"Where are you going after that?† could be written â€Å"Where are you going after you drop the mail off?† â€Å"I’ve been to that restaurant† could be written â€Å"I’ve been to this restaurant.† â€Å"That friend of yours is no friend at all† could be written â€Å"Your friend is no friend at all.† â€Å"The joke was not that funny† could be written â€Å"The joke was not very funny.† â€Å"I’ve never been that far† could be written â€Å"I’ve never been there.† The point is not to eradicate that, but to notice when it’s overused and to know how to apply solutions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Excited ABOUT, not "for" 48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

How to Get Into NYU 4 Key Tips to Build a Great Application

How to Get Into NYU 4 Key Tips to Build a Great Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want to go to NYU, you’ll need to make sure your application is strong enough to stand out from the crowd of other applicants. NYU’s acceptance rate is falling every year, so you’ll need all parts of your application to be competitive if you hope to be admitted to NYU. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to get into NYU. First, we’ll talk about how hard it is to get into NYU in the first place, taking a look at the average test scores and grades of admitted applicants. Next, we’ll discuss NYU’s admissions requirements and essays. Finally, we’ll give tips to teach you how to get into NYU. How Hard Is It To Get Into NYU? NYU has been getting more and more competitive over the recent years. In 2018, NYU’s acceptance rate fell to a record low: 19%. That means that NYU admits 19 out of every 100 applicants. An acceptance rate of just 19% means that NYU is highly selective - and getting even more so. Just a few years ago, NYU’s acceptance rate was in the 35%, meaning that it’s fallen by nearly half in a short while. Each subsequent year, NYU admits a smaller and smaller percentage of students, meaning that the acceptance rate for the Class of 2023 may be even more competitive than 2022’s was. What Is NYU Looking for in Its Students? NYU prizes diversity: it has the highest number of international students in the United States and students from all 50 states in the US. In 2017, 20% of NYU’s incoming freshmen class was from outside of the US. NYU also sends more students abroad than any other American university, so it’s safe to say that the university values exposing its students to other cultures and ways of life. With satellite campuses in fourteen different countries around the world, NYU has unparalleled opportunities to broaden your horizons. While the university prizes diversity, it’s equally clear that NYU prizes strong academics and hard work. While acceptance rates reached a record low this year, the average test scores of admitted students reached a record high, meaning that incoming students are exceptionally well-qualified, too. Can You Apply to NYU Early? NYU offers early decision to applicants that are certain NYU is the right school for them. If you apply for early decision admission, and are admitted under the early decision notification, you are expected to enroll at NYU. In addition, you have to withdraw your applications from other schools, and cannot submit new applications. Early decision offers to NYU are binding, unless you don’t receive enough financial aid to be able to attend. If you don’t get into NYU during the early decision period, you won’t be able to apply again regular decision. NYU offers two early decision dates: November 1 and January 1. Students who apply at the November 1 deadline receive their decision on December 15; students who apply on January 1 learn on February 15. It can pay off to apply early to NYU. For the Class of 2021, for instance, the overall admissions rate was roughly 28% while early decision candidates were admitted at a rate of roughly 38%. That means that you have a statistically higher chance of getting admitted to NYU early than you do as a regular decision candidate - provided, of course, that your application is strong. NYU Application Deadlines and Requirements NYU has three degree-granting campuses: New York, Abu Dhabi, and Shanghai. The admissions process is the same for all three schools. In order to apply as a first-year at NYU, you must be either: Currently in high school, even if taking college courses, or Participating in a dual-enrollment program, even if you’re earning enough credits for an associate’s degree, or Graduated with a GED or high school diploma equivalency test and not enrolled in a degree-seeking program. To apply, you’ll need to complete the Common Application and have a recommendation from your guidance counselor and up to two teachers. NYU doesn’t accept the Coalition or Universal applications. You'll also need to send in your official high school transcripts and official transcripts for any college-level work you've completed. If you're applying to the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development and Tisch School of the Arts, you'll need to complete an audition or submit a portfolio of work in place of standardized testing. Steinhardt requires an audition or portfolio for all applicants to the Music Department with the exception of Educational Theatre, and a portfolio for those applying to Studio Art. Tisch requires an audition or portfolio for applicants to all programs with the exception of Interactive Media Arts. If you didn't apply to Steinhardt or Tisch, you'll need to submit your standardized test scores. Regular decisions applicants must submit their applications by January 1 and are notified on April 1. Want to get into NYU or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What GPA Do I Need to Get Into NYU? Most students admitted to NYU have a GPA of 3.6 or higher, which means that you’ll want to achieve at least a 3.6 to be seriously considered as an applicant. In order to achieve a 3.6, you’ll need to earn mostly A’s and A-’s on your coursework. If your GPA is below 3.6, you can try to make up for that on other parts of your application, like your test scores or your portfolio, if you’re applying to Tisch or Steinhardt. What Test Scores Do I Need to Get Into NYU? NYU requires that you submit standardized test scores unless you’re applying to Steinhardt or Tisch, where your portfolio can take the place of test scores. NYU accepts a wide variety of test scores, though most students submit SAT or ACT scores. Here’s the full breadth of scores NYU accepts: SAT; or ACT; or International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma; or Three (3) SAT Subject Test scores; or Three (3) AP Exam scores; or Three (3) IB higher-level exam scores if not an IB Diploma candidate; or Other international examinations that show you completed, or if submitting predicted results show you will complete, your secondary education. You can find more information on these international examinations here. For this article, we’ll focus mainly on SAT and ACT scores, since those are what the majority of applicants submit. While NYU doesn’t have cut offs for SAT or ACT scores, you’ll need to make sure your scores are competitive with the average scores of admitted applicants. Let’s take a look at those. What SAT Scores Do I Need to Get Into NYU? As NYU’s acceptance rate lowers, the average SAT score of admitted applicants rises. The Class of 2022 had the highest average SAT composite score yet: 1440. That means you’ll need to score at (or very near) 1440 to be considered competitive with your fellow applicants. NYU doesn’t state which SAT scores they accept on their website (all, highest, etc), so you’ll need to contact the admissions office to learn which of your scores factor in. What ACT Scores Do I Need to Get Into NYU? NYU’s average ACT score is also rising. The average ACT score of admitted applicants to NYU is 30. Even though NYU likely says they have no minimum ACT requirement, if you apply with a 28 or below, you'll have a hard time getting in, unless you have something else very impressive in your application. There are so many applicants scoring 30 and above that a 28 will look academically weak. NYU Application Essays You'll need to submit both the regular Common App materials as well as an NYU supplement, which includes a short essay, for your NYU application. The NYU essay prompt asks you to answer the simple question: why do you want to go to NYU? Here’s the text of the prompt in full: We would like to know more about your interest in NYU. We are particularly interested in knowing what motivated you to apply to NYU and more specifically, why you have applied or expressed interest in a particular campus, school, college, program, and/or area of study? If you have applied to more than one, please tell us why you are interested in each of the campuses, schools, colleges, or programs to which you have applied. You may be focused or undecided, or simply open to the options within NYU's global network; regardless, we want to understand - Why NYU? The essay has a 400 word limit, which means that you have space to really expand on what specifically attracts you to NYU. While you should make it clear why you want to attend NYU with your essay, you don't need to agonize for hours over it. Ultimately, other parts of your application (including your test scores and grades/course rigor, and letters of recommendation) are more important factors to your acceptance. You just need to show that you've done at least a little research into NYU and why you want to apply there in particular. For a more in-depth look at how to answer this prompt, check out our article dedicated specifically to acing this essay. Tips for Getting Into NYU It’s difficult to get into NYU†¦ and it’s getting more difficult every year! If you want to be admitted to NYU this year, follow these key tips for how to get into NYU. #1: Reflect NYU’s Values NYU values diversity and providing its students with a truly global experience. If you want your application to stand out, you can talk about a.) how these values are important to you, too, and b.) how you’ll take advantage of this policy when you go to NYU. You can talk about this as part of your why NYU essay. Be sure to have concrete examples of how you’ll engage with this mindset - don’t just say it would be fun to go party in another country, have specific programs, classes or experiences in mind. #2: Polish Your Application As NYU gets more and more competitive, you’ll need to put more and more effort into making your application equally competitive. Your test scores should meet or exceed the average scores of admitted applicants, as should your grades. Ask for letters of recommendation from teachers who really know you and your work to give an idea of why NYU can’t live without you. #3: Wow With Your Portfolio If you’re applying to Steinhardt or Tisch, your portfolio needs to be stellar. Pick examples of your work that showcase your specific talents and individuality. Your portfolio should have a point-of-view and personality - don’t submit generic work that could be attributed to anyone. #4: Have a Spike When you’re applying to college, it’s tempting to seem well-rounded and interested in all the things. Don’t do that. Your application won’t stand out if you’re mediocre in band, on the track team, and on student council. It will stand out if you travel to Japan to perform with a world-class performance ensemble or qualify for the Olympic trials in shot put. When your focus is on one thing, you’ll be better at it than if you have to split your time and attention. What’s Next? Looking for application tips for other selective schools? Read our complete guides to the University of California system and to the Georgetown application. Should you apply early or regular decision to college? Find out the pros and cons of early decision in this article. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease Essay

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease - Essay Example According to the Alzheimer’s Association of America, 5.3 million Americans have this disease in 2015 (Alzheimer’s Association of America, 2015). The ages for the affected individuals varies as 5.1 million of them are above the age of 65 while 200,000 are under the age of 65. The Association also states that two-thirds of the affected are women. The figures state that from the 5.3 million affected individuals 3.2 million are women while 1.9 are men. In addition, the number of patients is expected to grow each year as the proportion of Americans who are above the ages of 65 continues to grow. It is projected that by 2025, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s will have increased to 7.1 million and by 2050, the numbers will have already reached 13.8 million people. This is an alarming prediction since such numbers will hamper any form of research, and the chances of obtaining a medical breakthrough will be very slim. Alzheimer’s has no known cure, but there are medications if administered, can help the patients to cope with the disease (Newport, 2013). When the symptoms appear, it is advisable see a physician or a neurologist to plot the next course of action. A majority of diseases irrespective of their scope can be managed if detected early. Individuals living with Alzheimer’s need specialized care, and there are a few options for the families of the affected. They included home health care, nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Nursing homes provide personal and custodial care to the individuals who cannot do it themselves. Nursing homes are not the primary facilities for taking care of Alzheimer’s patients as well as other individuals with acute illnesses. Nursing homes bring about complaints from both the patients and the caregivers. Patients might feel that their autonomy had been eroded since they have no freedom

THE GLOBAL ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE GLOBAL ECONOMY - Essay Example This sort of anticipation has led to the further fall in oil prices. Another issue that the researcher discusses is that of the fluctuating exchange rates that has in turn caused variability in interest rates. The main aim of the research is to analyse the various issues faced by the global economy and how has the economy dealt with the challenges. The research allows the researcher to study the various economic issues across the globe and the main reasons behind such issues and derive a solution to overcome these issues. The crude oil prices in the economy have experienced a recent decline which had serious impacts on the economy. The global demand and supply conditions for the crude oil has led to the possible decline in crude oil prices (Fornari, et al., 2002). Prices are expected to change rapidly based on the anticipation of the researchers before the actual change. Expectation for the global oil demands have been anticipated downwards in the economy and the growth in oil prices was expected to be much lower in the economy (Jimenez-Rodriguez and Sanchez, 2005). Further, the intensity of the rise in oil prices have become half of what it was during the previous years. It had resulted in declining oil intensity and the energy efficiency of the oil prices. The researcher has found that Saudi Arabia has reduced OPEC’s oil supply and the prices were stabilized (Jimenez-Rodriguez and Sanchez, 2005). The oil price fluctuations and the inflation rates have a positive correlation in the economy (Kim and Roubini, 2000). High inflation led to high rise in oil prices within the economy and it had an impact on the oil producing companies as there was a very low demand for crude oil. The low demand was due to rise in price for crude oil. As a result, there was excess supply of crude oil in the economy and gradually the prices fell in the later years. Rise in oil prices has led to lower output production in the